<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 “\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628”. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062d\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 (Comp\u00e9tence de guerre). \u0641\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1928\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 “\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628” (Jus ad bellum)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 (Jus contra bellum). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2(4) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628”\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a). \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633” \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 51:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629” \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a…”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2(4). \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 51 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u060c \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 “\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999. \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 “\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a”\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2(4) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0651\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2(4) \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629”\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2(4) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f) \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0635\u0631 “\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a”\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 (R2P) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ufea3\ufee4\ufeb0\u0647 \ufee3\ufea4\ufee4\ufeaa \ufeb3\ufefc\u0645\u0647 (\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644)<\/strong> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 “\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628”. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062d\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 (Comp\u00e9tence de guerre). \u0641\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1928\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1954,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-shezoprogram2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shezomedia.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shezomedia.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shezomedia.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shezomedia.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shezomedia.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1952"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/shezomedia.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1952\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1958,"href":"https:\/\/shezomedia.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1952\/revisions\/1958"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shezomedia.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shezomedia.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shezomedia.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shezomedia.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"